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Imperial War Museum Duxford is a branch of the Imperial War Museum near Duxford in Cambridgeshire, England. Britain's largest aviation museum,〔 Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 aircraft, military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibition buildings.〔For a list of aircraft, vehicles and boats at Duxford, see 〕 The site also provides storage space for the museum's other collections of material such as film, photographs, documents, books and artefacts. The site accommodates several British Army regimental museums, including those of the Parachute Regiment (named ''Airborne Assault'') and the Royal Anglian Regiment. Based on the historic Duxford Aerodrome, the site was originally operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the First World War. During the Second World War Duxford played a prominent role during the Battle of Britain and was later used by United States Army Air Forces fighter units in support of the daylight bombing of Germany. Duxford remained an active RAF airfield until 1961. After the Ministry of Defence declared the site surplus to requirements in 1969 the Imperial War Museum received permission to use part of the site for storage. The entirety of the site was transferred to the museum in February 1976. In keeping with the site's history many of Duxford's original buildings, such as hangars used during the Battle of Britain, are still in use. Many of these buildings are of particular architectural or historic significance and over thirty have listed building status,〔Imperial War Museum Duxford (2009) (Historic Duxford ). Retrieved 15 September 2009.〕 Duxford "retain() the best-preserved technical fabric remaining from (historic airfield ) up to November 1918" and being "remarkably well-preserved".〔Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2 December 2005) 'Chocks away! David Lammy secures a future for the aviation sites that protected our past' (Press Release ). Retrieved 14 September 2009.〕 The site also features several purpose-built exhibition buildings, such as the Stirling Prize-winning American Air Museum, designed by Sir Norman Foster. The site remains an active airfield and is used by civilian flying companies, and hosts regular air shows. The site is operated in partnership with Cambridgeshire County Council and the Duxford Aviation Society, a charity formed in 1975 to preserve civil aircraft and promote appreciation of British civil aviation history. ==Museum history== (詳細はher Empire. The museum opened in 1920, by which point it had been renamed the ''Imperial'' War Museum.〔Kavanagh, Gaynor 'Museum as Memorial: The Origins of the Imperial War Museum', ''Journal of Contemporary History'' Vol. 23 No. 1 (January 1988). Available via JSTOR at (). Retrieved 13 August 2009.〕 With the outbreak of the Second World War, the museum's terms of reference were enlarged to include the conflict.〔'Imperial War Museum: Collection of war relics', ''The Times'' 14 May 1940 Issue 48615 Page 4 Column F〕 The museum's terms of reference was broadened again in 1953 to include all modern conflicts in which British or Commonwealth forces were engaged.〔''Imperial War Museum London'' (guidebook), (London: Imperial War Museum, 2009) pp. 2 ISBN 978-1-904897-95-8〕 The effect of these expansions of remit was to cause the museum's collections to expand enormously, to the point that many parts of the collection, especially those of aircraft, vehicles and artillery, could not be effectively stored or exhibited. Although the museum's south London home (a nineteenth-century building in Southwark which was previously the Bethlem Royal Hospital) had been extended in 1966, by the end of the decade the museum was seeking additional space. RAF Duxford, a Royal Air Force fighter station had been declared surplus to requirements by the Ministry of Defence in 1969, and the museum duly requested permission to use part of one of the airfield's hangars as temporary storage. Duxford featured three double bay hangars of First World War vintage, which together provided over 9000 m2 of space. Within two years, ten of the museum's aircraft had been brought to Duxford, and were being restored by volunteers of the East Anglia Aviation Society. While the museum's own aircraft were not restored to flying condition, by cooperating with private groups the museum was able to mount its first airshow in 1973. Further air shows followed, with a display in June 1976 attracting an audience of 45,000 people. The runway was bought by Cambridgeshire County Council in 1977. The success of these shows provided a valuable source of revenue, and complemented the efforts of volunteers, so that the museum applied for the permanent transfer of the entire site to its use. Permission was received in February 1976 and Duxford became the first outstation of the Imperial War Museum. Initially open from March–October, Duxford received 167,000 visitors in the 1977 season, and 340,000 in 1978. Two million visitors had been received by 1982〔Frankland (1999) pg. 205–208.〕 and Duxford welcomed its ten millionth visitor in August 2005.〔(National Museum Directors' Conference ) (September 2005) (Newsletter ) No.48. Retrieved 21 October 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imperial War Museum Duxford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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